From the database of
Essential
Science IndicatorsSM, this list of Fast Moving
Fronts has been generated by a comparison of the data sets for the
current period of November 2001-October 31, 2007, and the previous
period of September 2001-August 31, 2007 (sliding 6-year period).
Two Research Fronts were selected for mapping from the list of Fast
Moving Fronts from this period. They are:
Non-audit fees are positively associated with small
earnings surprises and the magnitude of discretionary
accruals, while audit fees are negatively associated with
these earnings management indicators.
Engineering
SMALL ULTRA WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP-FED TAP MONOPOLE ANTENNA;
PLANAR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED BOW-TIE SLOT ANTENNA;
DUAL-WIDEBAND SQUARE SLOT ANTENNA
A square slot antenna fed by two orthogonal feedlines
designed for dual polarized applications has a very wide
bandwidth.
Environment/
Ecology
BOREAL FOREST PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS;
ATMOSPHERIC ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION; ULTRAFINE
ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; AIR ION PRODUCTION RATES Fast Moving Front Comment by:
Markku Kulmala
Global climate models require reliable models for
nucleation because nucleation can lead to a significant
increase in the number concentration of cloud condensation
nuclei.
Data are consistent with isotopically heavy Li being
released into the forearc mantle wedge in subduction zones,
while an isotopically light component is subducted deeply,
and may form a distinct mantle reservoir.
Immunology
NATURAL KILLER CELL REPERTOIRE SELECTION;
NK CELL ACTIVATION; MHC CLASS I MOLECULES
Fast Moving Front Comment by:
Peter Parham
Major histocompatibility complex class I and killer-cell
immunoglobulin-like receptor variants influence resistance
to infections, susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and
complications of pregnancy, and such correlations suggest
that interplay between KIR and MHC class I polymorphisms
has facilitated human survival in the presence of epidemic
infections.
Materials
Science
HALIDE-FREE IMIDAZOLIUM
IONIC LIQUIDS; WATER STABLE IONIC
LIQUIDS; TRANSITION-METAL NANOCLUSTER STABILIZATION;
TRANSITION-METAL NANOPARTICLES Fast Moving Front Comment by:
Jaïrton Dupont
The advent of ionic liquids allow one for the first time to
investigate the interactions and behavior of molecular,
biological and macromolecular species in solution using
physical and chemical methods which have been traditionally
limited to solid state chemistry.
Mathematics
FLAT RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS; MULTIQUADRIC
INTERPOLANTS; H-C MULTIQUADRIC COLLOCATION METHOD;
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Fast Moving Front Comment by:
Alexander H.D. Cheng
The radial basis function collocation method uses global
shape functions to interpolate and collocate the
approximate solution of partial differential equations.
Microbiology
ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION (ANAMMOX); ANAMMOX BACTERIA;
ANOXIC WATER COLUMN; MASSIVE NITROGEN LOSS
The widespread occurrence of ammonium consumption in
suboxic marine settings indicates that anammox might be
important in the oceanic nitrogen cycle.
The somitic compartment that gives rise to trunk muscle and
dermis in amniotes is an epithelial sheet on the external
surface of the somite and is known as the dermomyotome, an
ancient and conserved structure that evolved prior to the
last common ancestor of all vertebrates.
Recollection reflects a threshold-like retrieval process
that supports novel learning, whereas familiarity reflects
a signal-detection process that can support novel learning
only under certain conditions.
Pharmacology &
Toxicology
NIEMANN-PICK C1-LIKE 1 OVEREXPRESSION
FACILITATES EZETIMIBE-SENSITIVE CHOLESTEROL;
NIEMANN-PICK C1 LIKE 1 PROTEIN; NIEMANN-PICK C1 LIKE-1
(NPC1L1) BINDING AFFINITY
Fast Moving Front Comment by:
Scott W. Altmann
Dietary cholesterol consumption and intestinal cholesterol
absorption contribute to plasma cholesterol levels, a risk
factor for coronary heart disease. Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1
protein plays a critical role in the absorption of
intestinal cholesterol.
Physics
MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRIC MODEL;
NEXT-TO-MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; STANDARD
MODEL SCALAR SECTOR; LIGHT NEUTRALINO
DARK MATTER Fast Moving Front Comment by:
John F. Gunion & Radovan Dermisek
The next-to-minimal supersymmetric model can have small
fine-tuning and modest top-squark mass while still evading
all experimental constraints.
The NRT2.1 gene is a repressor of lateral root initiation
and this role is independent of nitrate uptake.
Arabidopsis NRT2.1 may act either
as a nitrate sensor or signal transducer to coordinate
the development of the root system with nutritional
cues.
COLLEGE STUDENT DRINKING NORMS; SOCIAL
NORMS APPROACHES USING DESCRIPTIVE DRINKING NORMS
EDUCATION; REDUCE COLLEGE STUDENTS' HEAVY ALCOHOL
US Fast Moving Front Comment
by:
Kate B. Carey & Brian Borsari
Peer pressure is consistently implicated in the excessive
drinking by college students. Theory and empirical findings
suggest that peer pressure is a combination of three
distinct influences: overt offers of alcohol, modeling, and
social norms.
Social Sciences,
general
ASSESSING ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS; ORGANIZATIONAL
ASSESSMENT; ASSESSING PROGRAM NEEDS
Studies of technology transfer and organizational behavior
in related fields provide a basis for proposing a heuristic
model for transferring research-based interventions and
procedures into general practice at community drug
treatment programs.
Space
Science
LOW-METALLICITY BLUE COMPACT DWARF
GALAXIES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPITZER
INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; NEARBY GALAXIES
Fast Moving Front Comment by:
Daniela Calzetti
The Spitzer spectrograph enables a view of dust-emitting
regions of galaxies on scales small enough that the
different stellar populations which heat that dust can also
be located and identified.